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| 1 | MKFS.FAT(8) System Manager's Manual MKFS.FAT(8) | |
| 2 | ||
| 3 | NAME | |
| 4 | mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux | |
| 5 | ||
| 6 | SYNOPSIS | |
| 7 | mkfs.fat [OPTIONS] DEVICE [BLOCK-COUNT] | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | DESCRIPTION | |
| 10 | mkfs.fat is used to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux on a device (usually a disk partition). DEVICE is the special file corresponding to | |
| 11 | the device (e.g. /dev/sdXX). BLOCK-COUNT is the number of blocks on the device. If omitted, mkfs.fat automatically determines the filesystem | |
| 12 | size. | |
| 13 | ||
| 14 | OPTIONS | |
| 15 | -a Normally, for any filesystem except very small ones, mkfs.fat will align all the data structures to cluster size, to make sure that as long as | |
| 16 | the partition is properly aligned, so will all the data structures in the filesystem. This option disables alignment; this may provide a hand‐ | |
| 17 | ful of additional clusters of storage at the expense of a significant performance degradation on RAIDs, flash media or large-sector hard disks. | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | -A Use Atari variation of the MS-DOS filesystem. This is default if mkfs.fat is run on an Atari, then this option turns off Atari format. There | |
| 20 | are some differences when using Atari format: If not directed otherwise by the user, mkfs.fat will always use 2 sectors per cluster, since GEM‐ | |
| 21 | DOS doesn't like other values very much. It will also obey the maximum number of sectors GEMDOS can handle. Larger filesystems are managed by | |
| 22 | raising the logical sector size. Under Atari format, an Atari-compatible serial number for the filesystem is generated, and a 12 bit FAT is | |
| 23 | used only for filesystems that have one of the usual floppy sizes (720k, 1.2M, 1.44M, 2.88M), a 16 bit FAT otherwise. This can be overridden | |
| 24 | with the -F option. Some PC-specific boot sector fields aren't written, and a boot message (option -m) is ignored. | |
| 25 | ||
| 26 | -b SECTOR-OF-BACKUP | |
| 27 | Selects the location of the backup boot sector for FAT32. Default depends on number of reserved sectors, but usually is sector 6. The backup | |
| 28 | must be within the range of reserved sectors. | |
| 29 | ||
| 30 | -c Check the device for bad blocks before creating the filesystem. | |
| 31 | ||
| 32 | -C Create the file given as DEVICE on the command line, and write the to-be-created filesystem to it. This can be used to create the new filesys‐ | |
| 33 | tem in a file instead of on a real device, and to avoid using dd in advance to create a file of appropriate size. With this option, the BLOCK- | |
| 34 | COUNT must be given, because otherwise the intended size of the filesystem wouldn't be known. The file created is a sparse file, which actu‐ | |
| 35 | ally only contains the meta-data areas (boot sector, FATs, and root directory). The data portions won't be stored on the disk, but the file | |
| 36 | nevertheless will have the correct size. The resulting file can be copied later to a floppy disk or other device, or mounted through a loop | |
| 37 | device. | |
| 38 | ||
| 39 | -D DRIVE-NUMBER | |
| 40 | Specify the BIOS drive number to be stored in the FAT boot sector. This value is usually 0x80 for hard disks and 0x00 for floppy devices or | |
| 41 | partitions to be used for floppy emulation. | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 | -f NUMBER-OF-FATS | |
| 44 | Specify the number of file allocation tables in the filesystem. The default is 2. | |
| 45 | ||
| 46 | -F FAT-SIZE | |
| 47 | Specifies the type of file allocation tables used (12, 16 or 32 bit). If nothing is specified, mkfs.fat will automatically select between 12, | |
| 48 | 16 and 32 bit, whatever fits better for the filesystem size. | |
| 49 | ||
| 50 | -h NUMBER-OF-HIDDEN-SECTORS | |
| 51 | Select the number of hidden sectors in the volume. Apparently some digital cameras get indigestion if you feed them a CF card without such | |
| 52 | hidden sectors, this option allows you to satisfy them. | |
| 53 | ||
| 54 | -i VOLUME-ID | |
| 55 | Sets the volume ID of the newly created filesystem; VOLUME-ID is a 32-bit hexadecimal number (for example, 2e24ec82). The default is a number | |
| 56 | which depends on the filesystem creation time. | |
| 57 | ||
| 58 | -I It is typical for fixed disk devices to be partitioned so, by default, you are not permitted to create a filesystem across the entire device. | |
| 59 | mkfs.fat will complain and tell you that it refuses to work. This is different when using MO disks. One doesn't always need partitions on MO | |
| 60 | disks. The filesystem can go directly to the whole disk. Under other OSes this is known as the 'superfloppy' format. This switch will force | |
| 61 | mkfs.fat to work properly. | |
| 62 | ||
| 63 | -l FILENAME | |
| 64 | Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME. | |
| 65 | ||
| 66 | -m MESSAGE-FILE | |
| 67 | Sets the message the user receives on attempts to boot this filesystem without having properly installed an operating system. The message file | |
| 68 | must not exceed 418 bytes once line feeds have been converted to carriage return-line feed combinations, and tabs have been expanded. If the | |
| 69 | filename is a hyphen (-), the text is taken from standard input. | |
| 70 | ||
| 71 | -M FAT-MEDIA-TYPE | |
| 72 | Specify the media type to be stored in the FAT boot sector. This value is usually 0xF8 for hard disks and is 0xF0 or a value from 0xF9 to 0xFF | |
| 73 | for floppies or partitions to be used for floppy emulation. | |
| 74 | ||
| 75 | -n VOLUME-NAME | |
| 76 | Sets the volume name (label) of the filesystem. The volume name can be up to 11 characters long. The default is no label. | |
| 77 | ||
| 78 | -r ROOT-DIR-ENTRIES | |
| 79 | Select the number of entries available in the root directory. The default is 112 or 224 for floppies and 512 for hard disks. | |
| 80 | ||
| 81 | -R NUMBER-OF-RESERVED-SECTORS | |
| 82 | Select the number of reserved sectors. With FAT32 format at least 2 reserved sectors are needed, the default is 32. Otherwise the default is | |
| 83 | 1 (only the boot sector). | |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | -s SECTORS-PER-CLUSTER | |
| 86 | Specify the number of disk sectors per cluster. Must be a power of 2, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8, ... 128. | |
| 87 | ||
| 88 | -S LOGICAL-SECTOR-SIZE | |
| 89 | Specify the number of bytes per logical sector. Must be a power of 2 and greater than or equal to 512, i.e. 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, | |
| 90 | 16384, or 32768. Values larger than 4096 are not conforming to the FAT file system specification and may not work everywhere. | |
| 91 | ||
| 92 | -v Verbose execution. | |
| 93 | ||
| 94 | --invariant | |
| 95 | Use constants for normally randomly generated or time based data such as volume ID and creation time. Multiple runs of mkfs.fat on the same | |
| 96 | device create identical results with this option. Its main purpose is testing mkfs.fat. | |
| 97 | ||
| 98 | --help | |
| 99 | Display option summary and exit. | |
| 100 | ||
| 101 | BUGS | |
| 102 | mkfs.fat can not create boot-able filesystems. This isn't as easy as you might think at first glance for various reasons and has been discussed a | |
| 103 | lot already. mkfs.fat simply will not support it ;) | |
| 104 | ||
| 105 | SEE ALSO | |
| 106 | fatlabel(8) | |
| 107 | fsck.fat(8) | |
| 108 | ||
| 109 | HOMEPAGE | |
| 110 | The home for the dosfstools project is its GitHub project page ⟨https://github.com/dosfstools/dosfstools⟩. | |
| 111 | ||
| 112 | AUTHORS | |
| 113 | dosfstools were written by Werner Almesberger ⟨werner.almesberger@lrc.di.epfl.ch⟩, Roman Hodek ⟨Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de⟩, and oth‐ | |
| 114 | ers. The current maintainer is Andreas Bombe ⟨aeb@debian.org⟩. | |
| 115 |